Datacamp
Jeu de données Engie
library(corrplot) # Pour la visualisation des corrélations
library(DataExplorer) # Pour l'exploration des données
library(dygraphs) # Pour les graphiques dygraph
library(GGally) # Pour des visualisations avancées
library(lubridate) # Pour les dates
library(naniar) # Pour l'identification des données manquantes
library(skimr) # Pour une description globale des données
library(tidyverse) # Pour l'environnement éponyme (incluant ggplot2)
library(xts) # Pour les objets xts1 Traitement des données
1.1 Importation des données
## # A tibble: 6 × 78
## ID MAC_CODE Date_time Pitch_angle Pitch_angle_min Pitch_angle_max
## <dbl> <chr> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 1 WT3 1 92.5 92.5 92.5
## 2 2 WT3 2 92.5 92.5 92.5
## 3 3 WT3 3 92.5 92.5 92.5
## 4 4 WT3 4 92.5 92.5 92.5
## 5 5 WT3 5 92.5 92.5 92.5
## 6 6 WT3 6 92.5 92.5 92.5
## # ℹ 72 more variables: Pitch_angle_std <dbl>, Hub_temperature <dbl>,
## # Hub_temperature_min <dbl>, Hub_temperature_max <dbl>,
## # Hub_temperature_std <dbl>, Generator_converter_speed <dbl>,
## # Generator_converter_speed_min <dbl>, Generator_converter_speed_max <dbl>,
## # Generator_converter_speed_std <dbl>, Generator_speed <dbl>,
## # Generator_speed_min <dbl>, Generator_speed_max <dbl>,
## # Generator_speed_std <dbl>, Generator_bearing_1_temperature <dbl>, …## # A tibble: 6 × 2
## ID TARGET
## <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 1 -0.703
## 2 2 -0.747
## 3 3 -0.791
## 4 4 -0.736
## 5 5 -1.06
## 6 6 -0.373On effectue une jointure des données sur la variable ID qu’on retire ensuite :
## tibble [617,386 × 78] (S3: tbl_df/tbl/data.frame)
## $ TARGET : num [1:617386] -0.703 -0.747 -0.791 -0.736 -1.055 ...
## $ MAC_CODE : chr [1:617386] "WT3" "WT3" "WT3" "WT3" ...
## $ Date_time : num [1:617386] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ...
## $ Pitch_angle : num [1:617386] 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 ...
## $ Pitch_angle_min : num [1:617386] 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 ...
## $ Pitch_angle_max : num [1:617386] 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 92.5 ...
## $ Pitch_angle_std : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Hub_temperature : num [1:617386] 7 7 7 6.97 6.93 ...
## $ Hub_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 7 7 7 6.7 6 ...
## $ Hub_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 7 7 7 7 7 ...
## $ Hub_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0.02 0.17 ...
## $ Generator_converter_speed : num [1:617386] 3.38 3.56 3.51 4.06 3.61 ...
## $ Generator_converter_speed_min : num [1:617386] 3.33 3.33 3.33 3.35 3.35 ...
## $ Generator_converter_speed_max : num [1:617386] 3.42 3.43 11.07 6.98 13.77 ...
## $ Generator_converter_speed_std : num [1:617386] 0.01 0.01 1.06 0.74 2.04 ...
## $ Generator_speed : num [1:617386] 0.17 0.28 0.08 0.41 0.21 ...
## $ Generator_speed_min : num [1:617386] 0 -0.43 -0.56 0 0 ...
## $ Generator_speed_max : num [1:617386] 7.72 6.23 8.1 5.11 10.39 ...
## $ Generator_speed_std : num [1:617386] 0.91 0.91 0.78 0.55 1.6 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_1_temperature : num [1:617386] 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_1_temperature_min: num [1:617386] 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_1_temperature_max: num [1:617386] 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_1_temperature_std: num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_2_temperature : num [1:617386] 7.17 7.2 7.26 7.26 7.25 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_2_temperature_min: num [1:617386] 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_2_temperature_max: num [1:617386] 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 7.3 ...
## $ Generator_bearing_2_temperature_std: num [1:617386] 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.06 ...
## $ Generator_stator_temperature : num [1:617386] 4.16 4.17 4.17 4.15 4.14 ...
## $ Generator_stator_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 ...
## $ Generator_stator_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 ...
## $ Generator_stator_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature : num [1:617386] 2.56 2.57 2.57 2.53 2.52 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature : num [1:617386] 2.17 2.18 2.19 2.19 2.18 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 ...
## $ Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 ...
## $ Gearbox_inlet_temperature : num [1:617386] 2 2.11 2.2 2.2 2.21 ...
## $ Gearbox_inlet_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 1.95 2 2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.25 2.3 2.25 ...
## $ Gearbox_inlet_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 2 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 ...
## $ Gearbox_inlet_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0 0.07 0.03 0 0.02 ...
## $ Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature : num [1:617386] 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.78 1.78 1.8 1.8 1.8 ...
## $ Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 1.75 1.8 1.75 1.8 1.75 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.75 1.8 ...
## $ Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 ...
## $ Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0.01 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Nacelle_angle : num [1:617386] 294 294 294 294 294 ...
## $ Nacelle_angle_min : num [1:617386] 294 294 294 294 294 ...
## $ Nacelle_angle_max : num [1:617386] 294 294 294 294 294 ...
## $ Nacelle_angle_std : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Nacelle_temperature : num [1:617386] 5.72 5.62 5.41 5.3 5.34 ...
## $ Nacelle_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.3 5.1 ...
## $ Nacelle_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 5.9 5.7 5.6 5.4 5.4 ...
## $ Nacelle_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0.1 0.05 0.09 0.04 0.08 ...
## $ Absolute_wind_direction : num [1:617386] 294 298 322 319 315 ...
## $ Outdoor_temperature : num [1:617386] -1.1 -1.08 -1.01 -1 -1 -1.04 -1.09 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 ...
## $ Outdoor_temperature_min : num [1:617386] -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1 -1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 ...
## $ Outdoor_temperature_max : num [1:617386] -1.1 -1 -1 -1 -0.9 ...
## $ Outdoor_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0 0.02 0.03 0 0 ...
## $ Grid_frequency : num [1:617386] 50 50 50 50 50 ...
## $ Grid_frequency_min : num [1:617386] 50 49.9 49.9 50 50 ...
## $ Grid_frequency_max : num [1:617386] 50 50 50 50 50 ...
## $ Grid_frequency_std : num [1:617386] 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 ...
## $ Grid_voltage : num [1:617386] 684 686 688 690 690 ...
## $ Grid_voltage_min : num [1:617386] 683 684 686 688 690 ...
## $ Grid_voltage_max : num [1:617386] 685 686 689 690 691 ...
## $ Grid_voltage_std : num [1:617386] 0.7 0.54 0.77 0.49 0.23 ...
## $ Rotor_speed : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Rotor_speed_min : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Rotor_speed_max : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Rotor_speed_std : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Rotor_bearing_temperature : num [1:617386] 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 ...
## $ Rotor_bearing_temperature_min : num [1:617386] 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 ...
## $ Rotor_bearing_temperature_max : num [1:617386] 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 ...
## $ Rotor_bearing_temperature_std : num [1:617386] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ...
## $ Absolute_wind_direction_c : num [1:617386] 294 298 322 319 315 ...
## $ Nacelle_angle_c : num [1:617386] 294 294 294 294 294 ...On peut synthétiser très rapidement les données :
## TARGET MAC_CODE Date_time Pitch_angle
## Min. : -19.48 Length:617386 Min. : 1 Min. :-156.180
## 1st Qu.: 18.62 Class :character 1st Qu.: 41154 1st Qu.: -1.000
## Median : 193.99 Mode :character Median : 80145 Median : -1.000
## Mean : 372.75 Mean : 79863 Mean : 13.012
## 3rd Qu.: 540.68 3rd Qu.:119014 3rd Qu.: 5.567
## Max. :2256.06 Max. :157680 Max. : 156.820
##
## Pitch_angle_min Pitch_angle_max Pitch_angle_std Hub_temperature
## Min. :-179.57 Min. :-146.28 Min. : 0.0000 Min. :-4.00
## 1st Qu.: -1.01 1st Qu.: -1.00 1st Qu.: 0.0000 1st Qu.:14.00
## Median : -1.00 Median : -1.00 Median : 0.0000 Median :19.99
## Mean : 11.80 Mean : 14.55 Mean : 0.9488 Mean :19.15
## 3rd Qu.: -0.98 3rd Qu.: 15.90 3rd Qu.: 0.0000 3rd Qu.:24.00
## Max. : 175.93 Max. : 175.93 Max. :94.7700 Max. :37.08
##
## Hub_temperature_min Hub_temperature_max Hub_temperature_std
## Min. :-5.00 Min. :-3.00 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.:14.00 1st Qu.:14.00 1st Qu.:0.0000
## Median :19.20 Median :20.00 Median :0.0000
## Mean :18.94 Mean :19.36 Mean :0.1069
## 3rd Qu.:24.00 3rd Qu.:24.00 3rd Qu.:0.2100
## Max. :37.00 Max. :38.00 Max. :1.2400
##
## Generator_converter_speed Generator_converter_speed_min
## Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0
## 1st Qu.: 925.1 1st Qu.: 916.5
## Median :1175.0 Median :1025.5
## Mean :1065.5 Mean : 946.7
## 3rd Qu.:1563.2 3rd Qu.:1364.5
## Max. :1806.6 Max. :1802.1
## NA's :8064 NA's :8064
## Generator_converter_speed_max Generator_converter_speed_std Generator_speed
## Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00 Min. : -0.15
## 1st Qu.: 935.3 1st Qu.: 11.99 1st Qu.: 926.94
## Median :1318.4 Median : 37.10 Median :1174.54
## Mean :1178.7 Mean : 62.86 Mean :1064.35
## 3rd Qu.:1758.2 3rd Qu.: 85.56 3rd Qu.:1562.67
## Max. :2073.4 Max. :892.45 Max. :1803.84
## NA's :8064 NA's :8064
## Generator_speed_min Generator_speed_max Generator_speed_std
## Min. : -49.74 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 917.35 1st Qu.: 933.8 1st Qu.: 12.18
## Median :1024.64 Median :1318.1 Median : 37.18
## Mean : 945.14 Mean :1178.1 Mean : 63.15
## 3rd Qu.:1363.36 3rd Qu.:1758.3 3rd Qu.: 85.83
## Max. :1799.19 Max. :2076.2 Max. :887.75
##
## Generator_bearing_1_temperature Generator_bearing_1_temperature_min
## Min. :-4.04 Min. :-4.10
## 1st Qu.:38.20 1st Qu.:37.50
## Median :42.25 Median :41.30
## Mean :40.00 Mean :39.20
## 3rd Qu.:45.21 3rd Qu.:44.25
## Max. :65.94 Max. :65.00
##
## Generator_bearing_1_temperature_max Generator_bearing_1_temperature_std
## Min. : -3.80 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 38.95 1st Qu.:0.1600
## Median : 43.20 Median :0.3000
## Mean : 40.79 Mean :0.3622
## 3rd Qu.: 46.20 3rd Qu.:0.4700
## Max. :116.85 Max. :3.4400
##
## Generator_bearing_2_temperature Generator_bearing_2_temperature_min
## Min. :-4.46 Min. :-4.50
## 1st Qu.:35.48 1st Qu.:35.00
## Median :39.20 Median :38.70
## Mean :37.19 Mean :36.74
## 3rd Qu.:42.02 3rd Qu.:41.50
## Max. :67.55 Max. :67.20
##
## Generator_bearing_2_temperature_max Generator_bearing_2_temperature_std
## Min. : -4.20 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 35.90 1st Qu.:0.1000
## Median : 39.70 Median :0.1800
## Mean : 37.63 Mean :0.2083
## 3rd Qu.: 42.50 3rd Qu.:0.2800
## Max. :106.95 Max. :3.4100
##
## Generator_stator_temperature Generator_stator_temperature_min
## Min. :-4.24 Min. :-4.30
## 1st Qu.:57.84 1st Qu.:56.60
## Median :60.59 Median :58.95
## Mean :56.65 Mean :55.30
## 3rd Qu.:63.19 3rd Qu.:61.50
## Max. :95.00 Max. :93.85
##
## Generator_stator_temperature_max Generator_stator_temperature_std
## Min. : -4.10 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 58.95 1st Qu.:0.3400
## Median : 62.30 Median :0.4900
## Mean : 58.02 Mean :0.5028
## 3rd Qu.: 65.00 3rd Qu.:0.6500
## Max. :132.40 Max. :3.6000
##
## Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_min
## Min. :-4.47 Min. :-4.50
## 1st Qu.:53.64 1st Qu.:52.90
## Median :61.93 Median :61.00
## Mean :57.67 Mean :56.83
## 3rd Qu.:65.91 3rd Qu.:64.85
## Max. :83.56 Max. :83.35
##
## Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_max Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_std
## Min. : -4.30 Min. : 0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 54.30 1st Qu.: 0.1400
## Median : 62.75 Median : 0.2900
## Mean : 58.45 Mean : 0.4235
## 3rd Qu.: 67.05 3rd Qu.: 0.5600
## Max. :119.40 Max. :10.9000
##
## Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_min
## Min. :-3.80 Min. :-3.80
## 1st Qu.:53.69 1st Qu.:53.10
## Median :64.06 Median :63.20
## Mean :59.22 Mean :58.53
## 3rd Qu.:69.10 3rd Qu.:68.10
## Max. :80.35 Max. :80.30
##
## Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_max Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_std
## Min. : -3.80 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 54.30 1st Qu.:0.1300
## Median : 64.90 Median :0.2800
## Mean : 59.87 Mean :0.3809
## 3rd Qu.: 70.00 3rd Qu.:0.5200
## Max. :128.70 Max. :8.9000
##
## Gearbox_inlet_temperature Gearbox_inlet_temperature_min
## Min. :-6.78 Min. :-6.80
## 1st Qu.:45.43 1st Qu.:44.20
## Median :51.04 Median :49.70
## Mean :48.43 Mean :47.33
## 3rd Qu.:55.60 3rd Qu.:54.75
## Max. :61.66 Max. :59.95
## NA's :8064 NA's :8064
## Gearbox_inlet_temperature_max Gearbox_inlet_temperature_std
## Min. : -6.60 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 46.35 1st Qu.: 0.150
## Median : 52.30 Median : 0.260
## Mean : 49.48 Mean : 0.535
## 3rd Qu.: 56.55 3rd Qu.: 0.510
## Max. :108.90 Max. :10.650
## NA's :8064 NA's :8064
## Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_min
## Min. :-4.30 Min. :-4.30
## 1st Qu.:50.15 1st Qu.:49.80
## Median :55.72 Median :55.10
## Mean :51.94 Mean :51.44
## 3rd Qu.:57.68 3rd Qu.:57.15
## Max. :68.58 Max. :68.40
##
## Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_max Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_std
## Min. : -4.10 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 50.50 1st Qu.:0.1000
## Median : 56.30 Median :0.1500
## Mean : 52.41 Mean :0.2125
## 3rd Qu.: 58.20 3rd Qu.:0.2700
## Max. :135.40 Max. :3.7300
##
## Nacelle_angle Nacelle_angle_min Nacelle_angle_max Nacelle_angle_std
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.000
## 1st Qu.: 79.66 1st Qu.: 88.88 1st Qu.: 87.9 1st Qu.: 0.000
## Median :193.27 Median :198.19 Median :199.7 Median : 0.000
## Mean :175.55 Mean :184.93 Mean :186.6 Mean : 3.241
## 3rd Qu.:248.03 3rd Qu.:254.00 3rd Qu.:256.9 3rd Qu.: 0.000
## Max. :360.00 Max. :539.98 Max. :540.0 Max. :178.230
##
## Nacelle_temperature Nacelle_temperature_min Nacelle_temperature_max
## Min. :-5.90 Min. :-6.15 Min. :-4.80
## 1st Qu.:21.44 1st Qu.:20.50 1st Qu.:22.50
## Median :26.03 Median :25.20 Median :26.90
## Mean :25.13 Mean :24.36 Mean :25.88
## 3rd Qu.:29.91 3rd Qu.:29.30 3rd Qu.:30.65
## Max. :46.26 Max. :46.10 Max. :96.70
##
## Nacelle_temperature_std Absolute_wind_direction Outdoor_temperature
## Min. :0.0000 Min. : 0.00 Min. :-12.85
## 1st Qu.:0.1000 1st Qu.: 80.68 1st Qu.: 5.28
## Median :0.2300 Median :191.75 Median : 11.78
## Mean :0.4485 Mean :174.83 Mean : 11.40
## 3rd Qu.:0.6200 3rd Qu.:245.81 3rd Qu.: 17.29
## Max. :4.7500 Max. :360.00 Max. : 35.63
##
## Outdoor_temperature_min Outdoor_temperature_max Outdoor_temperature_std
## Min. :-13.00 Min. :-12.70 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 5.10 1st Qu.: 5.40 1st Qu.:0.0400
## Median : 11.60 Median : 11.90 Median :0.0800
## Mean : 11.20 Mean : 11.59 Mean :0.1024
## 3rd Qu.: 17.05 3rd Qu.: 17.50 3rd Qu.:0.1200
## Max. : 35.00 Max. : 85.50 Max. :4.1700
##
## Grid_frequency Grid_frequency_min Grid_frequency_max Grid_frequency_std
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00000
## 1st Qu.:49.98 1st Qu.:49.96 1st Qu.:50.01 1st Qu.: 0.01000
## Median :49.99 Median :49.97 Median :50.02 Median : 0.01000
## Mean :49.96 Mean :49.92 Mean :49.98 Mean : 0.01649
## 3rd Qu.:50.00 3rd Qu.:49.98 3rd Qu.:50.03 3rd Qu.: 0.01000
## Max. :50.14 Max. :50.11 Max. :56.03 Max. :25.02000
##
## Grid_voltage Grid_voltage_min Grid_voltage_max Grid_voltage_std
## Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.0 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.:686.7 1st Qu.:683.1 1st Qu.:689.6 1st Qu.: 0.79
## Median :692.5 Median :689.4 Median :695.3 Median : 1.27
## Mean :684.8 Mean :680.5 Mean :688.5 Mean : 1.78
## 3rd Qu.:698.8 3rd Qu.:695.2 3rd Qu.:702.9 3rd Qu.: 2.21
## Max. :756.6 Max. :753.7 Max. :760.7 Max. :370.99
## NA's :101322 NA's :101322 NA's :101322 NA's :101322
## Rotor_speed Rotor_speed_min Rotor_speed_max Rotor_speed_std
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.000 Min. : 0.00 Min. :0.0000
## 1st Qu.: 8.79 1st Qu.: 8.700 1st Qu.: 8.87 1st Qu.:0.1200
## Median :11.16 Median : 9.720 Median :12.54 Median :0.3600
## Mean :10.12 Mean : 8.976 Mean :11.21 Mean :0.6023
## 3rd Qu.:14.87 3rd Qu.:12.950 3rd Qu.:16.76 3rd Qu.:0.8200
## Max. :17.18 Max. :17.110 Max. :19.71 Max. :8.4700
##
## Rotor_bearing_temperature Rotor_bearing_temperature_min
## Min. :-5.20 Min. :-5.20
## 1st Qu.:25.60 1st Qu.:25.50
## Median :29.60 Median :29.50
## Mean :28.42 Mean :28.32
## 3rd Qu.:33.01 3rd Qu.:32.90
## Max. :67.67 Max. :53.50
##
## Rotor_bearing_temperature_max Rotor_bearing_temperature_std
## Min. : -5.1 Min. : 0.00000
## 1st Qu.: 25.7 1st Qu.: 0.02000
## Median : 29.7 Median : 0.04000
## Mean : 28.5 Mean : 0.04733
## 3rd Qu.: 33.1 3rd Qu.: 0.07000
## Max. :393.8 Max. :98.57000
##
## Absolute_wind_direction_c Nacelle_angle_c
## Min. : 0.00 Min. : 0.00
## 1st Qu.: 80.67 1st Qu.: 79.66
## Median :191.74 Median :193.27
## Mean :174.83 Mean :175.54
## 3rd Qu.:245.81 3rd Qu.:248.03
## Max. :360.00 Max. :360.00
## NA's :72 NA's :72| Name | data |
| Number of rows | 617386 |
| Number of columns | 78 |
| _______________________ | |
| Column type frequency: | |
| character | 1 |
| numeric | 77 |
| ________________________ | |
| Group variables | None |
Variable type: character
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | min | max | empty | n_unique | whitespace |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MAC_CODE | 0 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 4 | 0 |
Variable type: numeric
| skim_variable | n_missing | complete_rate | mean | sd | p0 | p25 | p50 | p75 | p100 | hist |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TARGET | 0 | 1.00 | 372.75 | 468.00 | -19.48 | 18.62 | 193.99 | 540.68 | 2256.06 | ▇▂▁▁▁ |
| Date_time | 0 | 1.00 | 79862.86 | 45185.11 | 1.00 | 41154.00 | 80145.00 | 119014.00 | 157680.00 | ▇▇▇▇▇ |
| Pitch_angle | 0 | 1.00 | 13.01 | 27.24 | -156.18 | -1.00 | -1.00 | 5.57 | 156.82 | ▁▁▇▂▁ |
| Pitch_angle_min | 0 | 1.00 | 11.80 | 27.05 | -179.57 | -1.01 | -1.00 | -0.98 | 175.93 | ▁▁▇▂▁ |
| Pitch_angle_max | 0 | 1.00 | 14.55 | 28.01 | -146.28 | -1.00 | -1.00 | 15.90 | 175.93 | ▁▁▇▁▁ |
| Pitch_angle_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.95 | 4.21 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 94.77 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Hub_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 19.15 | 6.60 | -4.00 | 14.00 | 19.99 | 24.00 | 37.08 | ▁▃▇▇▂ |
| Hub_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 18.94 | 6.63 | -5.00 | 14.00 | 19.20 | 24.00 | 37.00 | ▁▃▇▇▂ |
| Hub_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 19.36 | 6.60 | -3.00 | 14.00 | 20.00 | 24.00 | 38.00 | ▁▅▇▇▁ |
| Hub_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.11 | 0.16 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.21 | 1.24 | ▇▂▁▁▁ |
| Generator_converter_speed | 8064 | 0.99 | 1065.45 | 601.02 | 0.00 | 925.15 | 1175.00 | 1563.16 | 1806.56 | ▆▁▅▆▇ |
| Generator_converter_speed_min | 8064 | 0.99 | 946.74 | 570.89 | 0.00 | 916.50 | 1025.54 | 1364.47 | 1802.10 | ▆▁▇▇▆ |
| Generator_converter_speed_max | 8064 | 0.99 | 1178.68 | 628.46 | 0.00 | 935.31 | 1318.39 | 1758.18 | 2073.45 | ▆▁▆▆▇ |
| Generator_converter_speed_std | 8064 | 0.99 | 62.86 | 80.16 | 0.00 | 11.99 | 37.10 | 85.56 | 892.45 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Generator_speed | 0 | 1.00 | 1064.35 | 601.88 | -0.15 | 926.94 | 1174.54 | 1562.67 | 1803.84 | ▆▁▅▆▇ |
| Generator_speed_min | 0 | 1.00 | 945.14 | 571.96 | -49.74 | 917.35 | 1024.64 | 1363.36 | 1799.19 | ▇▁▇▇▆ |
| Generator_speed_max | 0 | 1.00 | 1178.11 | 628.94 | 0.00 | 933.77 | 1318.12 | 1758.34 | 2076.22 | ▆▁▆▆▇ |
| Generator_speed_std | 0 | 1.00 | 63.15 | 80.26 | 0.00 | 12.18 | 37.18 | 85.83 | 887.75 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Generator_bearing_1_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 40.00 | 8.77 | -4.04 | 38.20 | 42.25 | 45.21 | 65.94 | ▁▁▂▇▁ |
| Generator_bearing_1_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 39.20 | 8.58 | -4.10 | 37.50 | 41.30 | 44.25 | 65.00 | ▁▁▂▇▁ |
| Generator_bearing_1_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 40.79 | 9.01 | -3.80 | 38.95 | 43.20 | 46.20 | 116.85 | ▁▇▆▁▁ |
| Generator_bearing_1_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 0.00 | 0.16 | 0.30 | 0.47 | 3.44 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Generator_bearing_2_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 37.19 | 8.48 | -4.46 | 35.48 | 39.20 | 42.02 | 67.55 | ▁▁▆▇▁ |
| Generator_bearing_2_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 36.74 | 8.39 | -4.50 | 35.00 | 38.70 | 41.50 | 67.20 | ▁▁▆▇▁ |
| Generator_bearing_2_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 37.63 | 8.60 | -4.20 | 35.90 | 39.70 | 42.50 | 106.95 | ▁▇▇▁▁ |
| Generator_bearing_2_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.21 | 0.15 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.18 | 0.28 | 3.41 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Generator_stator_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 56.65 | 12.96 | -4.24 | 57.84 | 60.59 | 63.19 | 95.00 | ▁▁▁▇▁ |
| Generator_stator_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 55.30 | 12.58 | -4.30 | 56.60 | 58.95 | 61.50 | 93.85 | ▁▁▁▇▁ |
| Generator_stator_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 58.02 | 13.43 | -4.10 | 58.95 | 62.30 | 65.00 | 132.40 | ▁▁▇▁▁ |
| Generator_stator_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.50 | 0.28 | 0.00 | 0.34 | 0.49 | 0.65 | 3.60 | ▇▂▁▁▁ |
| Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 57.67 | 13.66 | -4.47 | 53.64 | 61.93 | 65.91 | 83.56 | ▁▁▂▇▃ |
| Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 56.83 | 13.45 | -4.50 | 52.90 | 61.00 | 64.85 | 83.35 | ▁▁▂▇▂ |
| Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 58.45 | 13.93 | -4.30 | 54.30 | 62.75 | 67.05 | 119.40 | ▁▁▇▁▁ |
| Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.42 | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.14 | 0.29 | 0.56 | 10.90 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 59.22 | 14.11 | -3.80 | 53.69 | 64.06 | 69.10 | 80.35 | ▁▁▂▅▇ |
| Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 58.53 | 13.94 | -3.80 | 53.10 | 63.20 | 68.10 | 80.30 | ▁▁▂▆▇ |
| Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 59.87 | 14.32 | -3.80 | 54.30 | 64.90 | 70.00 | 128.70 | ▁▂▇▁▁ |
| Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.38 | 0.37 | 0.00 | 0.13 | 0.28 | 0.52 | 8.90 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Gearbox_inlet_temperature | 8064 | 0.99 | 48.43 | 10.15 | -6.78 | 45.43 | 51.04 | 55.60 | 61.66 | ▁▁▁▃▇ |
| Gearbox_inlet_temperature_min | 8064 | 0.99 | 47.33 | 10.20 | -6.80 | 44.20 | 49.70 | 54.75 | 59.95 | ▁▁▁▃▇ |
| Gearbox_inlet_temperature_max | 8064 | 0.99 | 49.47 | 10.24 | -6.60 | 46.35 | 52.30 | 56.55 | 108.90 | ▁▁▇▁▁ |
| Gearbox_inlet_temperature_std | 8064 | 0.99 | 0.54 | 0.79 | 0.00 | 0.15 | 0.26 | 0.51 | 10.65 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 51.94 | 9.89 | -4.30 | 50.15 | 55.72 | 57.68 | 68.58 | ▁▁▁▃▇ |
| Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 51.44 | 9.87 | -4.30 | 49.80 | 55.10 | 57.15 | 68.40 | ▁▁▁▅▇ |
| Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 52.41 | 9.96 | -4.10 | 50.50 | 56.30 | 58.20 | 135.40 | ▁▃▇▁▁ |
| Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.21 | 0.18 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.27 | 3.73 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Nacelle_angle | 0 | 1.00 | 175.55 | 96.77 | 0.00 | 79.66 | 193.27 | 248.03 | 360.00 | ▇▃▇▇▃ |
| Nacelle_angle_min | 0 | 1.00 | 184.93 | 105.11 | 0.00 | 88.88 | 198.19 | 254.00 | 539.98 | ▆▇▇▂▁ |
| Nacelle_angle_max | 0 | 1.00 | 186.56 | 106.35 | 0.00 | 87.90 | 199.73 | 256.92 | 540.00 | ▆▇▇▂▁ |
| Nacelle_angle_std | 0 | 1.00 | 3.24 | 16.36 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 178.23 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Nacelle_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 25.13 | 6.95 | -5.90 | 21.44 | 26.03 | 29.91 | 46.26 | ▁▁▆▇▁ |
| Nacelle_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 24.36 | 7.01 | -6.15 | 20.50 | 25.20 | 29.30 | 46.10 | ▁▂▇▇▁ |
| Nacelle_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 25.88 | 6.94 | -4.80 | 22.50 | 26.90 | 30.65 | 96.70 | ▁▇▁▁▁ |
| Nacelle_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.45 | 0.52 | 0.00 | 0.10 | 0.23 | 0.62 | 4.75 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Absolute_wind_direction | 0 | 1.00 | 174.83 | 96.09 | 0.00 | 80.68 | 191.75 | 245.81 | 360.00 | ▇▃▇▇▃ |
| Outdoor_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 11.40 | 8.05 | -12.85 | 5.28 | 11.78 | 17.29 | 35.63 | ▁▅▇▅▁ |
| Outdoor_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 11.20 | 7.99 | -13.00 | 5.10 | 11.60 | 17.05 | 35.00 | ▁▅▇▆▁ |
| Outdoor_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 11.59 | 8.12 | -12.70 | 5.40 | 11.90 | 17.50 | 85.50 | ▃▇▁▁▁ |
| Outdoor_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.00 | 0.04 | 0.08 | 0.12 | 4.17 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Grid_frequency | 0 | 1.00 | 49.96 | 1.24 | 0.00 | 49.98 | 49.99 | 50.00 | 50.14 | ▁▁▁▁▇ |
| Grid_frequency_min | 0 | 1.00 | 49.92 | 1.56 | 0.00 | 49.96 | 49.97 | 49.98 | 50.11 | ▁▁▁▁▇ |
| Grid_frequency_max | 0 | 1.00 | 49.98 | 1.36 | 0.00 | 50.01 | 50.02 | 50.03 | 56.03 | ▁▁▁▁▇ |
| Grid_frequency_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.02 | 0.31 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 25.02 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Grid_voltage | 101322 | 0.84 | 684.80 | 57.07 | 0.00 | 686.71 | 692.46 | 698.82 | 756.57 | ▁▁▁▁▇ |
| Grid_voltage_min | 101322 | 0.84 | 680.55 | 58.16 | 0.00 | 683.14 | 689.43 | 695.24 | 753.73 | ▁▁▁▁▇ |
| Grid_voltage_max | 101322 | 0.84 | 688.53 | 58.19 | 0.00 | 689.56 | 695.29 | 702.88 | 760.68 | ▁▁▁▁▇ |
| Grid_voltage_std | 101322 | 0.84 | 1.78 | 4.55 | 0.00 | 0.79 | 1.27 | 2.21 | 370.99 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Rotor_speed | 0 | 1.00 | 10.12 | 5.73 | 0.00 | 8.79 | 11.16 | 14.87 | 17.18 | ▆▁▅▆▇ |
| Rotor_speed_min | 0 | 1.00 | 8.98 | 5.44 | 0.00 | 8.70 | 9.72 | 12.95 | 17.11 | ▆▁▇▆▆ |
| Rotor_speed_max | 0 | 1.00 | 11.21 | 6.00 | 0.00 | 8.87 | 12.54 | 16.76 | 19.71 | ▆▁▆▆▇ |
| Rotor_speed_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.60 | 0.76 | 0.00 | 0.12 | 0.36 | 0.82 | 8.47 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Rotor_bearing_temperature | 0 | 1.00 | 28.42 | 7.26 | -5.20 | 25.60 | 29.60 | 33.01 | 67.67 | ▁▂▇▁▁ |
| Rotor_bearing_temperature_min | 0 | 1.00 | 28.32 | 7.27 | -5.20 | 25.50 | 29.50 | 32.90 | 53.50 | ▁▁▇▇▁ |
| Rotor_bearing_temperature_max | 0 | 1.00 | 28.50 | 7.29 | -5.10 | 25.70 | 29.70 | 33.10 | 393.80 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Rotor_bearing_temperature_std | 0 | 1.00 | 0.05 | 0.13 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.07 | 98.57 | ▇▁▁▁▁ |
| Absolute_wind_direction_c | 72 | 1.00 | 174.83 | 96.09 | 0.00 | 80.67 | 191.74 | 245.81 | 360.00 | ▇▃▇▇▃ |
| Nacelle_angle_c | 72 | 1.00 | 175.54 | 96.77 | 0.00 | 79.66 | 193.27 | 248.03 | 360.00 | ▇▃▇▇▃ |
On constate qu’il existe des données manquantes.
1.2 Analyse des données manquantes
On comptabilise les données manquantes :
## TARGET MAC_CODE
## 0 0
## Date_time Pitch_angle
## 0 0
## Pitch_angle_min Pitch_angle_max
## 0 0
## Pitch_angle_std Hub_temperature
## 0 0
## Hub_temperature_min Hub_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Hub_temperature_std Generator_converter_speed
## 0 8064
## Generator_converter_speed_min Generator_converter_speed_max
## 8064 8064
## Generator_converter_speed_std Generator_speed
## 8064 0
## Generator_speed_min Generator_speed_max
## 0 0
## Generator_speed_std Generator_bearing_1_temperature
## 0 0
## Generator_bearing_1_temperature_min Generator_bearing_1_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Generator_bearing_1_temperature_std Generator_bearing_2_temperature
## 0 0
## Generator_bearing_2_temperature_min Generator_bearing_2_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Generator_bearing_2_temperature_std Generator_stator_temperature
## 0 0
## Generator_stator_temperature_min Generator_stator_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Generator_stator_temperature_std Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature
## 0 0
## Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_min Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature_std Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature
## 0 0
## Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_min Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature_std Gearbox_inlet_temperature
## 0 8064
## Gearbox_inlet_temperature_min Gearbox_inlet_temperature_max
## 8064 8064
## Gearbox_inlet_temperature_std Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature
## 8064 0
## Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_min Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature_std Nacelle_angle
## 0 0
## Nacelle_angle_min Nacelle_angle_max
## 0 0
## Nacelle_angle_std Nacelle_temperature
## 0 0
## Nacelle_temperature_min Nacelle_temperature_max
## 0 0
## Nacelle_temperature_std Absolute_wind_direction
## 0 0
## Outdoor_temperature Outdoor_temperature_min
## 0 0
## Outdoor_temperature_max Outdoor_temperature_std
## 0 0
## Grid_frequency Grid_frequency_min
## 0 0
## Grid_frequency_max Grid_frequency_std
## 0 0
## Grid_voltage Grid_voltage_min
## 101322 101322
## Grid_voltage_max Grid_voltage_std
## 101322 101322
## Rotor_speed Rotor_speed_min
## 0 0
## Rotor_speed_max Rotor_speed_std
## 0 0
## Rotor_bearing_temperature Rotor_bearing_temperature_min
## 0 0
## Rotor_bearing_temperature_max Rotor_bearing_temperature_std
## 0 0
## Absolute_wind_direction_c Nacelle_angle_c
## 72 72Les variables présentant plus de 1% de valeurs manquantes sont :
## Generator_converter_speed Generator_converter_speed_min
## 0.01306152 0.01306152
## Generator_converter_speed_max Generator_converter_speed_std
## 0.01306152 0.01306152
## Gearbox_inlet_temperature Gearbox_inlet_temperature_min
## 0.01306152 0.01306152
## Gearbox_inlet_temperature_max Gearbox_inlet_temperature_std
## 0.01306152 0.01306152
## Grid_voltage Grid_voltage_min
## 0.16411451 0.16411451
## Grid_voltage_max Grid_voltage_std
## 0.16411451 0.16411451Avec naniar :
On constate que les variables Grid_voltage, Grid_voltage_min, Grid_voltage_max et Grid_voltage_std présentent beaucoup de données manquantes (environ 16%) ; on analyse ces variables pour décider de leur retrait ou de leur imputation.
ggplot()+
geom_histogram(data=data,aes(x=Grid_voltage,y=..density..),fill="steelblue")+
labs(y="Fréquence",title="Histogramme")
Cette analyse nous incite à retirer ces variables dans une première approche :
On peut également remarquer que les couples de variables Absolute_wind_direction-Absolute_wind_direction_c et Nacelle_angle-Nacelle_angle_c sont quasiment identiques (seules des valeurs manquantes les séparent), on en supprime une sur deux (celle ne présentant pas de données manquantes par hypothèse, il faudrait vérifier la pertinence de cette dernière auprès du “métier”) :
On retire les observations pour lesquelles il subsiste des données manquantes :
2 Restriction du champs d’étude
On travaille ici uniquement sur la turbine n°3 :
On retire les puissances inférieures à 100.
On travaille uniquement sur une donnée par heure :
Pour représenter la série à l’aide de dygraph, on créé
une pseudo-date à partir du 1er janvier 2000 :
dataWT3h <- dataWT3h %>%
mutate(t=as.POSIXlt("2000-01-01 00:00:00",format="%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")+(Date_time-1)*10*60)
dataWT3h_xts <- xts(dataWT3h$TARGET,order.by=dataWT3h$t)
dygraph(dataWT3h_xts) %>%
dyRangeSelector()On ne conserve que les régresseurs :
3 Analyse descriptive (succincte)
#ggpairs(dataWT3h,columns=c("TARGET","Pitch_angle","Hub_temperature","Generator_converter_speed","Generator_speed","Generator_bearing_1_temperature","Generator_bearing_2_temperature","Generator_stator_temperature","Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature","Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature","Gearbox_inlet_temperature","Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature","Nacelle_angle","Nacelle_temperature","Absolute_wind_direction","Outdoor_temperature","Grid_frequency","Rotor_speed","Rotor_bearing_temperature"))
corrplot(cor(dataWT3h[,c("TARGET","Pitch_angle","Hub_temperature","Generator_converter_speed","Generator_speed","Generator_bearing_1_temperature","Generator_bearing_2_temperature","Generator_stator_temperature","Gearbox_bearing_1_temperature","Gearbox_bearing_2_temperature","Gearbox_inlet_temperature","Gearbox_oil_sump_temperature","Nacelle_angle","Nacelle_temperature","Absolute_wind_direction","Outdoor_temperature","Grid_frequency","Rotor_speed","Rotor_bearing_temperature")]),method="circle",type="upper")
ggplot()+
geom_histogram(data=dataWT3h,aes(x=TARGET,y=..density..),alpha=0.5,position="identity")+
labs(x="TARGET",y="Fréquence",title="Histogramme",fill="Turbine")
On peut également utiliser le package DataExplorer :
